Ethiopia was an Italian colony from 1935 to 1941.Democratic Republic of the Congo: a colony of Belgium from 1908 to 1960 previously under private ownership of King Leopold II.Canada: was colonized first by France as New France (1534–1763) and England (in Newfoundland, 1582) then under British rule (1763–1867), before achieving Dominion status and losing "colony" designation.Brazil: a colony of Portugal since the 16th century.Barbados: was a colony of Great Britain important in the Atlantic slave trade.Australia was formed as a British Dominion in 1901 from a federation of six distinct British colonies which were founded between 17.Angola: a colony of Portugal from the 16th century to its independence in 1975.See also: Timeline of national independence A tell-tale sign of a settlement within the Roman sphere of influence once being a Roman colony is a city centre with a grid pattern. Settlements that began as Roman colonia include cities from Cologne (which retains this history in its name), Belgrade to York. Its original definition as a settlement created by people migrating from a central region to an outlying one became the modern definition. Though a colony could take many forms, such as a trade outpost or a military base in enemy territory, such has not been inherently colonies. These were small farming settlements that appeared when the Romans had subdued an enemy in war. Roman colonies first appeared when the Romans conquered neighbouring Italic peoples. So colonies are not independently self-controlled, but rather are controlled by a separate entity that serves the capital function. The terminology is taken from architectural analogy, where a column pillar is beneath the (often stylized) head capital, which is also a biological analog of the body as subservient beneath the controlling head (with 'capital' coming from the Latin word caput, meaning 'head'). This in turn derives from the word colōnus, which was a Roman tenant farmer. The word "colony" comes from the Latin word colōnia, used as concept for Roman military bases and eventually cities. Though the broadening of the concept is often contentious. Subsequently some historians have used the term informal colony to refer to a country under a de facto control of another state. Territories furthermore do not need to have been militarily conquered and occupied to come under colonial rule and to be considered de-facto colonies, instead neocolonial exploitation of dependency or imperialist use of power to intervene to force policy, might make a territory be considered a colony, which broadens the concept, including indirect rule or puppet states (contrasted by more independent types of client states such as vassal states). While colonies often developed from trading outposts or territorial claims, such areas do not need to be a product of colonization, nor become colonially organized territories. Since early-modern times, historians, administrators, and political scientists have generally used the term "colony" to refer mainly to the many different overseas territories of particularly European states between the 15th and 20th centuries CE, with colonialism and decolonization as corresponding phenomena. The city that founded such a settlement became known as its metropolis ("mother-city"). įurthermore the term was used to refer to the older Greek apoikia ( Ancient Greek: ἀποικία, lit.'home away from home'), which were overseas settlements by ancient Greek city-states. Derived from colon-us (farmer, cultivator, planter, or settler), it carries with it the sense of 'farm' and 'landed estate'. The term colony originates from the ancient Roman colonia, a type of Roman settlement. Other past colonies have become either sufficiently incorporated and self-governed, or independent, with some to a varying degree dominated by remaining colonial settler societies or neocolonialism. Colonies contemporarily are identified and organized as not sufficiently self-governed dependent territories. This colonial administrative separation, though often blurred, makes colonies neither annexed or incorporated territories nor client states. Though dominated by the foreign colonizers, the rule remains separate to the original country of the colonizers, the metropolitan state (or "mother country"), within the shared imperialist administration.
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